Analysis Of Boyz N The Hood - 955 Words

Some challenges between anti-social behaviors and geographic are evident in the film Boyz n the Hood. It a 90’s films created by John Singleton, about a boy Tre styles who is sent to live with his father Furious styles in South Central Los Angeles after he got into a fight at school. At his father s house, he is taught morals and values of being a respected man. On the other hand, his friends Ricky and Doughboy who are half-brothers has a different upbringing with no real support system, resulting in forming a gang, involvement with drugs and a tragic ending. This film is based on the African American experience in terms of environmental conditions which results in a great deal of African American males being pushed into the criminal justice system. Shaw and McKay noticed four factors that hindered the proper organization of community: residential mobility, family disruption economic status and ethnic heterogeneity. However, Sampson and Groves developed their three ways to measure the level of social organization: the ability for the community to control teenage peer groups, the presence of local friendship networks, and the amount of participation in formal or salutary organizations (Sampson and Groves, 1989). These characteristics are apparent in Boyz n the Hood, for the community was ineffective in controlling teenage peer groups. Although there was a strong local bond in friendship, there was no authority managing juvenile delinquency; which supports Shaw andShow MoreRelatedBoyz N The Hood Analysis1650 Words   |  7 Pages Boyz N the Hood YANSHUN QIU 0147562 Criminology 101 2017 Geri E. Bemister Boyz N the Hood (1991) tells the story of three young African-American boys, Trey, Ricky and Doughboy, growing up in a lower-class neighborhood in South Central Los Angeles. The movie is based off the life o a young black man living with his mom and moving to Watts, California to live with his dad. The movie brings friendship, parenthood, violence, and revenge into one concept of how parts of the country areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Boyz N The Hood 1268 Words   |  6 PagesBoyz N the Hood, displays the challenging upbringing of adolescents who have to live with harsh conditions around not only their home but also their surrounding town. The film compares the differences between the lifestyles of Tre Styles and his friends’, Darren and Ricky Baker. Darren and Ricky are half-brothers who are nothing alike. Singleton demonstrates the importance of male leadership in a home in the ghetto of Los Angeles by comparing the difference between the lifestyles of Tre and his fri endsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Boyz N The Hood 1643 Words   |  7 PagesBoyz N the Hood draws on many topics we talk about in class. Most of the kids in the movie were from broken homes (only one biological parent present) and lived in poor living conditions. Even though that was the case some of the kids prospered more than the others and were able to not get involved in gangs, drugs, or violence despite being in a poor environment where they were forced to live. In addition, some was able to continue their education and eventually get out of the environment, but someRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Boyz N The Hood 2311 Words   |  10 Pages The film Boyz n the Hood, is about a group of friend who grew up in the same neighbour hood, but were raised in different way because of the beliefs of their parents. Tre lived with his father who thought him to do the right thing and what it means to be a man, while Ricky and Doughboy who are brothers a raised by their mother in a home where there is little to no structure. Ricky and Doughboy grew up in a home where their mother openly favor one son over the other due to the fact that one boyRead MoreCultural Analysis of Boyz N the Hood Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe Boyz Next Door Up until the early 1990s, the decay of inner-city America largely went unnoticed by the general American public. However, the rise in popularity of gangster rap and the release of such films as New Jack City and Menace II Society drew the publics’ attention toward the largely ignored urban areas. Of all the films in the genre that came out, though, one in particular stood out. Boyz N the Hood, directed by John Singleton, became widely acknowledged as the definitive film forRead MoreAnalysis of John Singletons Film Boyz N the Hood Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of John Singletons Film Boyz N the Hood The director and screenwriter of the Boyz N the Hood. John Daniel Singleton. The 34 year director, who was born January 6, 1968, in Los Angeles, CA. This black African-American director who won several awards as a screenwriting students at USC. Singletons assured a directorial debut, Boyz N the Hood. An urgent, powerful coming-of-age tale, the film found a spark of hope amid its bleak, violence-ridden south centralRead MoreThe Film Boyz n the Hood and the Novel Way Past Cool: A Comparative Analysis720 Words   |  3 PagesCalifornia, and a different set of characters, the film Boyz N the Hood and the novel Way Past Cool share a number of things in common. The 1991 John Singleton movie Boyz N the Hood depicts life on the streets in south-central Los Angeles, which is the turf of infamous rival gangs the Bloods and the Crips. The gangs, their philosophies, their methods, and their members are portrayed with remarkable insight and sensitivity in the movie Boyz N the Hood. Similarly, in Way Past Cool, Jess Mowry offers aRead MoreThe Boyz N The Hood Based On Criminology Concept Of The General Strain Theory1622 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this paper, I will analysis the film Boyz N the Hood based on and around the criminology concept of the General Strain Theory. The film Boyz N the Hood depicts a story about an African-American boy growing up in â€Å"the hood† of South Central LA. South Central is a place where on average 1 out of 21 African American men will be die as a result of â€Å"the streets†. African Americans within the African-American community are more susceptible to becoming a casualty to gang affiliation andRead MoreThe Shift of Culture in Compton and the Transcendent Cultural Effect it Formed in America972 Words   |  4 PagesLos Angeles, to a terrorizing image of American culture. The results of this transformation and creation of â€Å"gangsta rap† is still well renowned today. Through de jure segregation, Reagan economics, undermining of black prosperity, N.W.A., and â€Å"Boyz n the Hood†, the city of Compton told its story and became a global image. This paper wi ll analyze the shift of culture in Compton and the transcendent cultural effect it formed in America. Thousands of migrants in the 1920’s - 1950’s envisioned ComptonRead More`` Boyz s The Hood Sociological Essay Analysis And Directed By John Singleton Essay2326 Words   |  10 PagesBoyz N the Hood Sociological Essay In the 1991 drama â€Å"Boyz in the Hood†, Written and Directed by John Singleton. He successfully attempts to portray what life was like and in some areas in America still is for African Americans living in a rough Los Angeles neighborhood. It displays a portrait of the harsh realities that plagues the black community and by displaying uninviting living conditions that is South Central L.A, Singleton aims to share to the world the self-destructive deviant behavior that

Ethical Issues Of Group Counseling - 2335 Words

Ethical Issues in Group Counseling Introduction Group counseling offers multiple relationships to assist an individual in growth and problem solving. In-group sessions, members are encouraged to discuss the issues that brought them into therapy openly and honestly. The counselor works to create an atmosphere of trust and acceptance that encourages members to support one another. Ethics plays a major role in-group counseling, it takes an effective leader to be aware of ethical considerations. Counselors must hold a keen understanding of ethics when it comes to counseling. It is a challenge for group counselors more than those counselors who conduct one on one sessions due to the fact that leaders not only need to be aware of their own actions but also the actions of the group members to maintain an ethical environment for all individuals in which the group consists of (Corey, Williams, and Moline, 1995). Being held accountable for groups ethical standards can be an issues because one individual may feel their actions/statements a re ethical while another may feel the same action or statement are unethical. Group Members ACA Code of Ethics, states in section A.8 â€Å"Counselors screen prospective group counseling/therapy participants. To the extent possible, counselors select members whose needs and goals are compatible with goals of the group, who will not impede the group process, and whose well being will not be jeopardized by the group experience.† Members should also beShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Of Group Counseling2422 Words   |  10 PagesVarious ethical issues will be explored that are in play within group counseling. These are issues that are strictly unique to group therapy. In group counseling, there are set of ethical standards and codes that a counselor should adhere to throughout the counseling in the process. 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Sometimes they become so familiar with each other that they get involve in sexual relationships, which isRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Raised When Services Are Delivered For Non Office, Off Site Settings Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesIssues Raised When Services are Delivered in Non-Office, Off-Site Settings Anthony M Luciano Tanya M Giglio Mercy College In this paper, we will illustrate the issues that present when providing counseling in a non-office, off-site setting. We will explore two different kinds of counseling that occur in a space that is not a traditional office including in-home counseling and the rise of wilderness programs. 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Age of Acquisition Free Essays

Abstract Preferences of many people are usually shaped and determined by several factors. Studies on effect on exposure of a given item cause an increase in liking to the given item or preferences, but studies using novelty preference have shown a different set of results (Barry and Johnston 2006: 123). Repeated stimulus affect image category whether novelty or familiarity preference emerges. We will write a custom essay sample on Age of Acquisition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Faces were found to elicit familiarity preference. In the present AOA study, preference judgments evolved in all the exposures. We therefore adopted the paradigm that objective judgment or passive exposure task contexts leads to varied results. The results indicated that segregation of the given preference biases across various objects. Preference for familiar faces is also determined by the age at which they are exposed to the image of picture. The paper has thus discussed all the possible mechanisms underlying preferences. Introduction Our preferences are influenced by experience in several ways. Our preferences lean towards that which we have not experienced in life (Smith et al. 2006: 592). Barry and Johnston (2006: 124) reiterate that people make preferences due to their extensive experience with the given items like familiar faces and scientific research has identified and investigated these trends. Generally, familiar objects are preferred than novel or new objects. The results in the present experiment may have varied because the data was obtained from different categories of personalities, subjects and paradigms. According to Smith et al. (2012: 209) the two bases of familiarity, novelty and preference elicit varied reaction across different categories of objects. The participants rated their preference based on the age of the acquired face and familiarity of the face. In a given sub-block one picture was shown in each of the trials thus became familiar. The other image was new in each of the trials so it wa s novel. The pictures of the same personality at different ages were also shown in a novel manner. The experiment tested three different types of pictures: familiar faces, early versus late acquired faces and a control tool. The respondents preferred repeated faces in the face stimuli as the experiment progressed. For the personality scenes, the new faces became preferred against the old faces. The control tool had no strong preference as bias was universal in either direction. In the study by Moore et al. (2004: 423), the findings showed that familiarity and novelty preference between the personality faces replicated across various conditions as opposed to this study which had inconsistent results especially on the novel preference. This implies that repeated stimulus ought to have increased rather than decreased. The study thus cannot explain the cause of the inconsistency based on the type of stimulus as there is existence of a wide range of exposure on varied stimulus like words and photographs. The effects of exposure on the desired preference may be altered by performing a desired judgment on every presentation (Moore and Valentine 1998: 490). Moore et al (2004: 422) states that explicit evaluation is possible in the performed task in the trial which may lead to a stronger habituation as compared to repeated stimuli which leads to novelty preference for the early acquired faces of the personalities. This therefore streams the hypothesis for the reaction time that familiarity preferences rely on automatic processing while novelty preferences demand a controlled cognitive processing (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 172). The present study was controlled by one major hypothesis: different kinds of tasks may lead to varied types of memory processing which can cause different effects on familiarity and novelty preferences. The present study relied on familiarity and novelty as its dependent variable while geometric pictures were used as the control tool in the study. The main objectiv e of the present study was to examine the reaction time to face processing as a familiarity decision (Smith et al. 2012: 205). The independent variable of the study was to examine the extent at which segregation for novel and familiar faces can be formed due to exposure. Methods Participants 115 adults, who included both the graduates and undergraduate students, from London South Bank University took part in the study. All the respondents were not acquainted with knowledge about the purpose of this study. Out of 115 participants only 114 respondents turned up for the study. The study had 66.7% female respondents with 33.3% male. The participants had mean age error of .807 with a Standard Deviation of 8.658. The study comprised both UK and International students. The London South Bank University committee for protecting human subjects confirmed and approved this experiment. Later, all the participants were given an informed consent. Stimuli The present AoA study used IBM Compatible computers using Superlabs (Cedius Corporation) software which helped in storing the raw data (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 169). The experiment opted to incorporate a 20-inch LaCie monitor was controlled by a Dell computer. The experiment used a similar attractiveness pre-testing data and visual stimuli like that used by Moore et al. (2004: 431). The experiment used three categories of pictures: 10 early-acquired famous people pictures, 10 late-acquired famous people pictures and 20 unfamiliar pictures like geometric figures. Geometric elicit little choice bias thus was preferred in this experiment as a control tool. The faces of the personalities were generated by use of FaceGen into four major sub-categories based on the race (Barry and Johnston 2006: 90). The software categorized the faces into African, European, Asian and Indian with two distinct gender relations that is; male and female and further into young and old categories. The pictures of the personalities were black and white photos collected from various online sources. The pictures were divided into eight subcategories: footballers, politicians, show biz, comedians, religious leaders, celebrities, actors and actress and journalists. MathWorks Inc., a Matlab program generated the Geometric figures into Fourier descriptors which came up with four categories with properties such as simple versus complex and symmetry versus asymmetry (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 178). The AoA experiment categorized the geometric figures into eight distinct categories. In each of the subcategory of images, there were 20 pictures and the picture that had the median attractiveness rating was chosen as the ‘old’ picture. The experiment used this scheme to avoid introducing unwanted bias in the familiar or novel stimuli. Design The present AoA study sought a within-subject design. This is due to the fact that similar subjects, such as early-acquired and late acquired pictures, were used. Furthermore, the experiment comprised two major phases: a preference judgment phase and an experienced phase. The preference judgment phase consisted of 10 trials in each category and 20 trials for all the categories. Each of the preference judgment had eight subcategories while the experience phase had 20 trials with eight subcategories (Moore et al 2004: 427). The categories of pictures were run in each of the phases and blocks were assigned to each participant in the experiment. 8 subcategories were later run in each of the given blocks. Out of the 20 available subcategories of the faces assigned to each of the participants, 10 faces emerged from the participant’s race. All 8 subcategories were used in the geometric figures. In the blocks, the order of each subcategory was randomized. Procedure The participants viewed the pictures in the experience phase with an unlimited and self-paced viewing time frame for each of the trials. The participants were encouraged to take glances on each of the shown pictures. The participants were encouraged to be serious to the given stimuli as they were provided with a questionnaire which had Yes/No answer. However, the participants were not aware of the judgment phase until after the experiment. The participants were requested to make a relative judgment on the given pairs of pictures. The experiment used a 7-point scale where respondents were asked made their verdict with a rating of 1-3 on the left and a rating of -1 to -3 on the right. Zero point indicated no response on the given set of picture (Barry and Johnston 2006: 203). The participants were shown pictures sized 256?256 randomly. Two sets of pictures, that is old versus new were shown side by side. The pictures were randomly shown on either left or right in a random manner. The central point of each picture was located at 10Â ° of the given visual angle. Face pictures were located at 12Â ° ? 12Â ° with geometry pictures shown at 17Â ° ? 12Â °. Later a response indicator frame of 36Â °? 1.5Â ° was located below the central point at 12.7Â ° in the response phase. The movement of the indicator from 1-3 in either direction indicated a relative preference rating (Moore and Valentine 1998: 507). Results The present study recorded a positive preference rating; the repeated ‘old’ picture was preferred as than the repeated ‘new’ picture. We analyzed the rating of the first preference rating of the sub-blocks. The mean Reaction Time to the early-acquired faces was 887.13 and recorded a Standard Deviation (SD) of 244.691. The present study recorded a mean Reaction Time (RT) to the late-acquired celebrities of 963.28 and a Standard Deviation of 283.463. More so, the present study recorded a mean RT to unfamiliar faces of 1021.18 and SD of 276.448. A repeated mean measure of the faces against the image category revealed a huge significant difference among the three image categories. To evaluate if there was a significant choice bias towards the novel or familiar pictures, we tested the sign test for the two entries. The results indicated a negative z-score for the mean RT to late-acquired faces against the mean RT to early-acquired faces of -5.782. The sign test f or the two categories indicated a significant value of .000. The results indicated that familiar celebrities’ faces were significantly preferred with mean RT to late-acquired faces showing a negative difference of 26 which implies that mean RT to late-acquired faces is less than the mean RT to early acquired faces. The present study indicated zero frequency between the mean RT to late-acquired faces and the mean RT to early-acquired faces. Discussion The above results showed preference for the familiar celebrities faces with no preference bias towards novelty or familiarity. There was no preference over control tool (geometric figures) after the 20 repetitions to each ‘old’ picture. Recent studies indicate that natural/control tool is inconsistent with exposure effect where repeated pictures were preferred (Moore and Valentine 1998: 510). The present study sought to explain why there was no exposure effect for the control tool/geometric figures. This can arise due to the way the stimuli were presented. The present study presented the images side-by-side while Barry Johnston (2006: 80) state that in the mere exposure effect, one picture is presented at a time. In a study by Smith et al (2012: 209), there was no novelty preference bias in the control tool and development of a novelty preference for the control tool requires a detailed performance of preference judgment during exposure. The present study omitted the preference task but instead used 20 trials which failed to elicit a significant preference bias (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 178). The results in the present study suggested that familiarity preference can be induced by passive perceptual exposure but for novelty preference to occur there must be some certain level of selection or processing. This implies that task-context of different experience has varied preferences which ought to be accounted for to help understand other novelty and familiarity mechanisms. From the present study, it is evident that differences between novelty preference for control tool and familiarity preference may be avoided through omitting the object categories and the task-context experience (Morrison and Ellis 2000: 171). Similar study with same variables ought to be carried out in the presence of financial or commercial relationship and measure its effect on the results. Bibliography Barry, C. and Johnston, R. A. (2006).Age of Acquisition Effects in Word and Object Processing. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press. Moore, V. and Valentine, T. (1998). The Effect of Age of Acquisition on Speed and Accuracy of Naming Famous Faces. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A (3), 485-513. Moore, V., Smith-Spark, J. H. and Valentine, T. (2004). The Effects of Age of Acquisition onObject Perception. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16(3), 417-439. Morrison, C. M. and Ellis, A. W. (2000). Real Age of Acquisition Effects in Word Naming and Lexical Decision. British Journal of Psychology, 91, 167-180. Smith-Spark, J. H., Moore, V. and Valentine, T. (2012). Long-Term Age of Acquisition Effects in Famous Name Processing. ActaPsychologica, 139, 202-211. Smith-Spark, J. H., Moore, V., Valentine, T. and Sherman, S. M. (2006). Stimulus Generation, Ratings, Phoneme Counts, and Group Classifications for 696 Famous People by British Adults Aged over 40 Years. Behavior Research Methods, 38(4), 590-597. How to cite Age of Acquisition, Essay examples